Forword
By David Birkbeck (Chief Executive , Design for Homes)
序
大卫.伯柯贝克(David Birkbeck)（住宅设计，首席执行官）
That’s great. But how much did you say the build cost was?
Innovation in UK house building is condemned to be a prototype or demonstration project while new technology is adopted for a single modest scheme. We need volume to drive down the costs of the best new ideas to make them affordable in every context, but where will volume come from?
零能耗简直太棒了！但是这种建筑要花多少钱才能建造呢？
当新技术应用于英国住宅的一个单独的普通设计项目， 创新只能使其成为试验品或示范性工程。我们需要通过量上的扩大以降低新的最佳方案的成本，使其在各种情况下都能够负担得起。但量将从哪里得来呢？
Government's Sustainable Communities Plan anticipates a growth in housing volumes to reduce house price inflation in economic growth areas. It is expected to deliver about 200,000 homes more than first planned for over the coming decade. The plan expects these and previously anticipated developments to minimise the environmental impact in the host areas that would otherwise come from a sharp increase in car journeys, energy and water consumption Over the decade after 2010 that growth is to be maintained so that the number of homes in towns such as Milton Keynes will double.
政府的可持续社区计划预期推进住宅总量的增长，目的是为了缓解经济增长地区的房价飙升。未来十年内将比原计划多交付20万套住宅。希望通过这个计划以及原有的开发方案的实施，能够将交通、能源与水消耗急剧增长对当地环境带来的负面影响降至最低。十年之后，也就是2001年后，如果增长率维持不变，城镇（比如密尔顿.凯恩斯）的住宅总量将翻番。
If just 1000 homes from the anticipated programme of 180,000+ homes a year were to adopt the technologies in BedZED, it would stimulate enough through put for the supply chain to be able to slash the costs of replicating BedZED's specification. The premium would then be as low as 15% above Build Regs minimum. All it needs is a dozen local authorities to help foster a ZED development in their domain and Britain would lead Europe in promoting a society powered by renewable energy.
这项推进计划每年要建造18万多套住宅。假定从中只选用1000套实施零能耗开发，就能给供应链带来强劲的震撼，引发更多的生产量，大幅度降低零能耗规格产品的复制成本。总共的额外成本低于建筑规范最低标准的15%。而这一切所需要就是，十几个地方政府部门分别扶植一个本地的零能耗开放商，而英国将在推进可再生能源驱动的社会方面引导欧洲潮流。
In the interim, this guide unpacks Europe’s benchmark for sustainable development into a catalogue of ideas for a local authority or sustainable developer. It shows how to calculate the value of planning gain needed to level the playing field between standardized house building and the increased costs associated with a ZED scheme. Assuming a local authority appreciates the chance to demonstrate a commitment to sustainability by fostering environmentally sound development and many under Agenda 21 are supposed to be doing just that - the guide details what a standard scheme would have to offer, instead of sustainability to bring its residual land value into line with that afforded by a green scheme.
同时，这项把欧洲可持续发展的标准以直观的目录形式提供给地方政府部门或可持续开发商使用。它演示如何计算必须的计划利润值，以填补标准化住宅与增加费用后的零能耗方案之间的造价差额。如果地方政府愿意通过扶持环保开发的形式向公众展示在可持续方面所履行的义务，并且在21世纪议程指导下推测许多政府正打算这么做，那么这本指南详尽的说明了普通的住宅方案所需地内容来取代可持续性，以便获取与绿色方案所带来的相同剩余土地价值。
This publication comes just weeks into the enquiry by the government's sustainable task force into green building practice. The task force could save itself a lot of energy by considering approaches proposed by this guide. This is the first published toolkit for tackling global warming through more intelligent development, and it is free of hot air.
本书出版几周后受到关注绿色建筑实践的政府可持续特别工作组的咨询。通过本指南所建议的方法，特别工作组自身能够节省大量精力。这也是第一部公开出版的，通过更多智能开发应对全球变暖的工具宝典。
Common excuses for resisting change
Put a planner, a councilor, a developer, a housing association representative, an architect, a contractor, a building component manufacturer and a government officer around the same table, and ask them to discuss if they would adopt Zero fossil Energy Development (ZED) standards for their new-build projects. You might hear some of the following replies:
抵制变革的常见托辞
假如请规划师、议员、开发商、住宅协会的代表、建筑师、承包商、建筑部品制造商和政府官员坐在一块儿，讨论他们的新建项目是否采用零能耗开发标准。你可能会听到如下答复：
1 The developer is likely to say that the increased construction costs of a serious green specification are too expensive when coupled to high land values, particularly in the South East. ln addition, the general public appear to have conservative requirements and do not wish to purchase or rent any kind of innovation that may jeopardize their long term investment.
1、开发商可能会说，绿色规范太严格，导致施工成本增加，再加上昂贵的土地成本更是不堪重负，特别是英国东南部地区。另外公众的需求趋向保守，不愿意购买或租用可能给他们的长期投资带来风险的任何革新。
2 The housing association person might say land costs are high because they are competing with the private sector to buy land and increased construction costs make affordable homes even harder to deliver than they already are.
2、住宅协会的人可能大诉苦水，他们要同私营部分竞争拿地，土地成本已然不菲。施工成本的增加使那些已难以承受房价的家庭更难接受。
3 The architect may say the client will not ask for a ZED brief in new projects, so that all he can do is to keep designing to existing industry standards, and anyway no-one will pay for the increased design time that comes with innovation.
3、建筑师可能会讲，客户没有要求新建项目采用零能耗开发，因此他要做的就是按照现有标准进行设计，而且没有人会掏钱弥补变革所额外花费的设计时间。
4 The planner will probably say the aesthetic does not match local context, and cannot recommend approval. He may also feel uncomfortable about defending a ZED planning brief in an appeal scenario, especially if the site is not owned by a local authority.
4、规划师则可能会不屑一顾地说这种艺术形式与当地环境的文脉不符，不可能通过审批。如果在方案的独特吸引力方面加以辩护，他也会感到不高兴，特别是如果现场土地不归地方政府所有。
5 The councilor sitting on the local planning sub committee might say that he/she has never heard of sustainable development and that all these green ideas come from central government policies that have no understanding of local issues.
5、地方规划委员会的议员可能会抱怨，他/她从未听说过什么持续性开发，这些来自中央政府的绿色思想根本就不了解地方状况。
6 The contractor will say he has never done anything like this before, sourcing all the special components looks difficult, so he is going to risk price his tender return in case he loses money on the fixed price contract that the client has insisted on.
6、承包商将一脸茫然，他以前从未做过类似的项目，寻购所有特殊的部产品看上去难度很大，倘若客户坚持固定总价合同，他将承担赔钱的风险。
7 The component manufacturer might respond by pointing out that the company has closely examined the potential for higher standards of environmental performance in its product range, but cannot afford the tooling up costs or research and development unless building regulations require these specifications.
7、部品制造商可能反映强烈，产品是否达到更高标准的性能要求，公司已经进行了严格测试，除非建筑规范制定了更高的相关标准，否则不可能对机床设备增加投资或者进一步开展产品研发。
8 The government officer will support the idea in principle, but will point out that the strong industry lobby against increased regulation, and the lack of initiative and support for environmental innovation. All this makes it too difficult to rapidly introduce legislation for this level of improved energy efficiency and the integration of renewable energy technologies.
8、而政府官员原则上支持零能耗开发，但是会提到那些实力强大的工业团体，反对政府调高标准，并且目前缺少环境变革的积极性和支持力量。这一切因素使提高节能标准、整合可再生能源技术的立法过程极其困难。
This book takes away the need for excuses. It does this by explaining the principles behind Zero fossil Energy Development, and by providing a 'ZED Toolkit' comprising the 'tools', methods and example case studies used to build ZEDs. Together, the principles and toolkit should make it just as easy to realise a ZED as any other conventional scheme.
本书将把所有托辞一一化解。通过对零能耗开发原则的解释，提供零能耗开发工具宝典及以往零能耗开发中使用的方法和成功案例。原则和工具宝典结合在一起使用应当使零能耗开发的操作将如同任何其它常规方案一样简单。