介绍: 绪 言...............................................................................1 第一章 地球上的水及其循环..........................................................6 1.1 地球上的水...............................................................................6 1.2 自然界的水循环..............................................................7 1.2.1 水文循环.................................................................7 1.2.2 地质循环..............................................................9 1.3 与水文循环有关的气象、水文因素................................................9 1.3.1 气象因素...................................................................9 1.3.2 径流.........................................................................12 1.4 我国水文循环概况..........................................................13 第二章 岩石中的孔隙与水分....................................................................15 2.1 岩石中的空隙...........................................................15 2.1.1 孔隙..........................................................................15 2.2 岩石中水的存在形式............................................................19 2.2.1 结合水.........................................................19 2.2.2 重力水..................................................................20 2.2.3 毛细水...................................................21 2.2.4 气态水、固态水及矿物中的水...................................................................21 2.3 与水的储容及运移有关的岩石性质......................................22 2.3.1 容水度..................................................................22 2.3.2 含水量....................................................................22 2.3.3 给水度..............................................................22 2.3.4 持水度....................................................................23 2.3.5 透水性...............................................................24 2.4 有效应力原理与松散岩土压密...............................................25 2.4.1 有效应力原理............................................25 2.4.2 地下水位变动引起的岩土压密...........................................26 第三章 地下水的赋存.................................................................27 3.l 包气带与饱水带.............................................................27 3.2 含水层、隔水层与弱透水层..........................................28 3.3 地下水分类...............................................................29 3.4 潜 水..................................................................30 3.5 承 压 水......................................................................32 3.6 潜水与承压水的相互转化.............................................35 3.7 上层滞水..................................................................36 第四章 地下水运动的基本规律................................................37 4.1 重