摘 要:随着我国城市园林绿化事业蓬勃发展,园林绿化工程的养护管理工作理念不断更新。本文从园林绿化工程养护与管理的意义、要求出发,分析了园林绿化工程养护管理需要注意的关键点,并有针对性的提出了有关养护与管理的具体措施。
Pick to: along with our country city afforestation enterprise vigorous development, landscaping engineering maintenance management concept update. From the botanical garden afforestation project maintenance and management of the meaning and requirement, analyzes the landscape engineering maintenance management key points need to be aware of, and targeted put forward the relevant maintenance and management of specific measures.
关键词:园林绿化;养护管理;关键点;措施
Key words: landscape; Maintenance and management; A key point; measures
1 园林绿化工程养护与管理的意义城市园林绿化的发展城市投资环境、提升城市形象,促进社会经济可持续发展起到了重要作用。由于园林绿化的主体材料是有生命的植物,需要连续的养护和管理。只有通过精心养护与管理,才能在保持现有园林绿化工程成果的基础上,充分体现绿化的生态价值,景观价值和人文价值。因此,要让园林绿化工程持续的发挥作用,养护与管理工作是关键。
1 landscaping engineering maintenance and management of the significance of the development of the urban landscaping city investment environment, promote city image, which plays an important role in promoting the sustainable development of social economy. Because the main body of landscape material is living plant, need continuous maintenance and management. Only through careful maintenance and management, to maintain existing landscaping engineering results, on the basis of fully reflect the ecological value of the greening and landscape value and humanistic value. Therefore, to let the garden greening projects continue to play a role, maintenance and management work is the key.
2 园林绿化工程养护与管理的要求对园林绿化工程的养护管理:一方面是养护,即根据不同园林树木的生长需要和某些特定的要求,及时对树木采取如灌溉排水,整形修剪,防治病虫害等技术措施;另一方面是管理,即看管维护,绿地的清扫保洁等园艺管理工作,以保证树木栽植的成活率,预防早期转衰,延长绿化效果。
2 landscaping engineering maintenance and management of the maintenance management of landscaping project: on the one hand is maintenance, namely according to the growth of different landscape plants need and some specific requirements, timely on trees such as irrigation and drainage, trimming, technology measures such as prevention and treatment of plant diseases and insect pests; Management is on the other hand, the supervision maintenance, green cleaning cleaning the garden management, to ensure the survival rate of trees planted, fading early prevention, extend the greening effect.
园林树木养护管理要具有一定的质量标准,即要保证树木生长健壮、美观,又要保持树木周围地面土壤疏松、通气,树基部无堆积污染物现象。
Landscape plants and maintenance management should have certain quality standards, namely to ensure the tree growth strong, beautiful, and to keep the trees around the ground soil loose, ventilation, base no accumulation of pollutants.
3 园林绿化工程养护与管理的关键点3.1增加土壤肥力,防止水土流失地被植物生长期内,应根据各类植物的需要,及时补充肥力,尤其对一些观花地被植物更重要。在栽植地的土壤保持疏松、肥沃的同时,排水工作一定要做好。一般情况下,应每年检查,暴雨过后要仔细查看有无冲刷损坏。
3.1 3 landscaping engineering maintenance and management of the key points to increase soil fertility, prevent soil erosion by plant growth period, should according to the needs of all kinds of plants, timely supplementary fertility, especially for some flower groundcover plants is more important. While the planting site to keep the loose, fertile soil, drainage work must be done well. In general, you should check every year, after the heavy rain to take a closer look at presence of erosion damage.
3.2注意抗旱灌溉
3.2 pay attention to irrigation
地被植物在种植后要及时浇灌,园林树木灌溉的时期主要根据树木在一年内各个物候期的需水特点,当地气候、土壤内水分的变化规律,以及树木栽植时间长短来决定。
Groundcover plants must be watered in time after planting, landscape plants and irrigation period mainly according to the water requirement characteristics of trees in a year each phenophase, the changing rule of the local climate, soil moisture content, and planting trees length of time to decide.
灌溉次数和灌水量要与树种、土质、气候及植株大小相适应,以节约用水和便于作业为原则来选择灌溉方法。
Irrigation frequency and irrigation water and tree species, soil, climate, and plant size, to save water and to work as the principle to select the irrigation methods.
3.3注重修剪平整与更新复苏
3.3 pay attention to clip flat and update the recovery
整形与修剪是园林植物栽培过程中一项十分重要而又有情趣的养护管理措施,主要目的是满足观赏和达到美感效果。一般低矮类型品种不需要进行经常修剪,修剪工作最好安排在傍晚前后地被植物上没有露水时进行,可以避免地被植物的人为损害和阳光的灼晒。在地被植物养护管理中,常常由于各种不利因素,使成片的地被出现过早衰老。应根据不同情况,对表土进行刺孔,使根部土壤疏松透气,同时加强施肥浇水,有利于更新复苏。
Reshaping and pruning garden plant cultivation process is a very important and have interest maintenance management measures, the main purpose is to satisfy the ornamental and aesthetic effect. Generally low type breed often don't need to be cut, trim work best when there is no dew on the evening before and after the groundcover plants, can avoid man-made damage and groundcover plants of the burning sun. In cover plant maintenance management, often because of various unfavorable factors, make piece by appear premature aging. Should, according to the different situation of topsoil, through to air the roots of loose soil, at the same time strengthen the fertilizing watering, conducive to update the recovery.
3.4注意地被群落的调整
3.4 the adjustment by community
地被比其他植物栽培期长,但并非一次栽植后一成不变。除了有些品种具有自身更新能力外,一般均需要从观赏、覆盖效果等方面考虑,在必要时进行适当的调整。在调整过程中应注意花色协调,如在道路或草坪边缘种上太阳花,则显得高雅、醒目。
Is longer than other plant growing period, but it is not a fixed after planting. Besides some variety has its own update ability, usually need to consider from the ornamental, covering effect and so on, in the proper adjustment if necessary. Design and color coordination should be paid attention to in the process of adjustment, such as on the edge of the road or lawn planted sunflowers, appear elegant and eye-catching.
3.5防寒与病虫害的防治
3.5 the cold and the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests
某些园林植物,尤其是南种北移的树种,难以适应北方的严寒冬季,为防止冻害发生,需及时采取春灌、保护树干等防寒措施。对于病虫害的发生,要以防为主,要防早、治小,除了要慎重对待,科学防治,同时要保护环境,减少农药污染。
Some garden plant, especially the south north of the tree species, difficult to adapt to the cold winter in the north, to prevent cold injury occurred, should be timely to take protection measures in spring, and protection of the trunk. For the occurrence of pest and disease to give priority to, in case to prevent early, treat small, in addition to seriously, scientific prevention and control, at the same time to protect the environment, reduce pesticide pollution.
4 加强园林绿化工程养护管理的相关措施4.1积极防止自然灾害的侵袭做好园林绿化工程的养护,要积极防止暴风、暴雨、干旱等自然灾害的侵袭。在暴风来临前要将树冠适当抽稀,支撑加固;在暴雨来临时在地势低,易积水处开排水沟;发生水涝,可打洞使水渗入地下。对于不能耐旱的树种栽植后都应将主干和主枝少白或喷白,以防树皮晒裂,对树干绕绳或包扎麻片。
4 to strengthen the management of landscape engineering maintenance measures actively to prevent natural disasters hit 4.1 the landscaping engineering maintenance, should actively prevent wind and storm, drought and other natural disasters. Before the storm will crown smoke sparse, appropriate support reinforcement; In the heavy rain came on the lower, easy seeper place open drains; Waterlogged, seeping into the ground to play water. For can't hardy tree planting after the trunk and main branch should be less spray white or white, in case of sun crack, the bark of the trunk line or bind up hemp.
4.2加强平时的看管、检查工作
4.2 to strengthen the supervision and checking work at ordinary times
为了保护树木,免遭或少受人为破坏,对于一些怕践踏的树种,如树根较浅的树种,应当选用绿篱保护起来,与游人隔离。如果发现树木倾斜,要及时扶正加固,一些重点地区应设专人看管,定期巡视,与有关部门配合协作,及时发现问题及时处理。如果发现树木遭到损伤而不能存活,应尽早伐挖。
In order to protect the trees, from or less affected by man-made destruction, for some of the fear of trampling on tree species, such as the shallow roots of tree species, should choose hedge protected from the visitors. If found trees tilt, to righting reinforcement in time, some key areas should be designated persons closely, and regular visits, cooperate with relevant departments of the coordination, timely find problems timely processing. If it is found that trees are damaged and can't survive, should cut dig as soon as possible.
4.3园林养护管理应与施工有机结合园林绿化工程的施工和养护管理两者是相互联系、相辅相成,两者的有机结合是一个成功的园林作品的必然要求。园林的养护应贯穿施工全过程,在绿化工程的施工中就采取适当的养护措施,例如在绿化工程施工中就要保证树木种植的成活率,达到预想的绿化效果。
4.3 garden maintenance management should combine with the construction landscape construction and maintenance management is both contact each other, supplement each other, the organic combination of both is necessary for a successful garden works. Garden maintenance should be throughout the whole construction process, in the greening projects of construction is the appropriate maintenance measures are taken, such as in the greening engineering construction will ensure trees planting survival rate, reaches expected effect.
4.4加大园林绿化养护管理的资金投入上级主管部门要加大园林绿化工程养护管理经费的投入,为搞好养护管理创造有利条件。科学技术是第一生产力,只有加大资金投入,广泛深入开展园林科学技术研究,全面增强园林从业人员的科学技术素质,才能有效提高园林养护管理的整体水平。
4.4 increase afforestation maintenance management of funds into the competent department to increase investment in garden greening engineering maintenance management funds, to create favorable conditions for improve maintenance management. Science and technology is the first productive force, only increase financial input, in-depth research on garden of science and technology, a comprehensive enhance garden workers quality of science and technology, can effectively improve the overall level of garden maintenance management.
5 结语
5 conclusion
园林绿化是现代化城市的重要标志,是改善生态环境的重要途径,园林绿化工程养护与管理工作在园林绿化工程工作中起着举足轻重的作用,它是一种持续性、长效性的工作,有较高的技术要求,只有高质量、高水平的养护与管理,才能使园林绿化发挥更大的生态效益和社会效益,园林景观才能逐渐达到完美的景观效果。
Afforestation is the important symbol of modern city, is an important approach to improve the ecological environment, landscaping engineering maintenance and management work in garden greening engineering work plays an important role, it is a sustainable, long-term work, have high technical requirements, only high quality, high level of maintenance and management, to make the landscaping play a more important ecological and social benefits, landscape effect of landscape in order to achieve perfect gradually.